Installing tile is a great way to add a nice aesthetic appeal to your home. Many people like tiling the floor and walls in their bathroom, kitchen, or entrance way. Replacing tile is a relatively inexpensive way to give your home a different look. In our previous articles, we explained how to tile a bathroom, lay porcelain tile over a concrete floor, and how to install tile as a kitchen backsplash. In this article, we want to help you choose the correct tile cutting tool for the job.

While laying tile can be a rewarding project that you can do on your own, cutting tile to fit the spaces around obstacles and corners can be difficult and frustrating.

Not sure where to start?  Well, read on because in this article we will explain some of the most common tools and methods used for cutting tile. You are going to find out how to easily cut tile for a perfect fit.

Factors that Determine Which Tile Cutting Tools to Use.

There are different tools and methods for cutting tile. You may not know what it is like trying to cut tile without the right tools, but take it from us, it is not fun, especially if it takes more than one cut to properly do the job.

The type of tool needed to cut your tile depends on several factors, including:

1. Tile Material: Different tile materials, such as ceramic, porcelain, natural stone, and glass, have different hardness levels and cutting requirements. For example, ceramic tile can be cut with a simple tile cutter, while natural stone tile requires a wet saw with a diamond blade.

2. Tile Size and Shape: The size and shape of the tile can also influence the type of tool needed to make the cut. Large tiles may require a heavy-duty saw, while small mosaic tiles can be cut with a simple pair of tile nippers.

3. Cutting Method: The method of cutting also affects the type of tool required. For straight cuts, a tile cutter or wet saw may be sufficient, while curved or intricate cuts may require a tile nipper or angle grinder.

4. Project Type: The type of project you are working on can also determine the type of tool needed. For example, a large-scale tiling project may require a more powerful tile saw, while a small DIY project may only require basic cutting tools.

5. Budget: Your budget for tools will also play a role in determining the type of tool you choose. More expensive tools may offer additional features and benefits, but a basic tile cutter or nipper can still get the job done for small projects.

Tile Cutting Tools and How to Use Them

In this section, for each tool listed we will provide a short description and then go over the steps on how to use them properly for cutting tile.

Note: Before cutting any tile, it is important to read the manufacturer’s instructions for the cutting tool you are using and follow all safety precautions. It is also important to wear protective gear, such as safety glasses and gloves, to protect yourself from injury, dust, and debris.

1. Tile Cutter

A tile cutter is a tool typically used for cutting ceramic or porcelain tile. However, it is not the best choice when cutting porcelain tile. It works by using a sharp, carbide wheel or blade to score the surface of the tile along the desired cut line. Once the tile is scored, pressure is applied to the tile using a lever or handle, which snaps the tile along the scored line. This results in a clean and precise cut, without the need for additional tools or equipment.

Tile cutters can be a more efficient and cost-effective way to cut tile compared to other tools, such as a wet saw or angle grinder. However, tile cutters are not suitable for all types of tile, such as those made of natural stone or glass, which may require specialized cutting equipment. It is important to note that tile cutters allow for straight cuts only.

In Figure 1, you can see different parts of a tile cutter. The more basic ones may not include some of the pictured parts, such as the ruler or support wings.

Figure 1

1. Handle
2. Carriage
3. Base
4. Guide Rails
5. Scoring wheel
6. Breaker
7. Guide/Ruler
8. Stop
9. Support Wings

Cutting tile using a tile cutter is a fairly straightforward process, but it requires some precision and care. The steps below describe how to cut a tile using a tile cutter:

1. Measure and mark the cut line on the tile using a pencil.
2. Lubricate the guide rails with silicone spray to ensure a smooth cut.
3. Grab the handle and slide it toward you until it stops. This moves your scoring wheel to the correct start position.
4. Place the tile onto the tile cutter with the glazed side up and your mark aligned with the scoring wheel. Make sure that the tile is firmly secured in place (see Figure 2).

Figure 2

5. Place the scoring wheel onto the tile and apply enough pressure to score the tile’s surface along the marked line (see Figure 3).

Figure 3

6. Using the handle apply pressure to snap the tile along the scored line (see Figure 4).

Figure 4

Note: The tile cutter may not always be able to break thicker, more solid tile, such as porcelain tile. In this case, once you have scored the tile, gently bend it along the scored line until it snaps. If the tile does not snap easily, you can gently tap it with a rubber mallet to help it break (see Figure 5).

Figure 5

9. If the tile edges seem rough (see Figure 6), use a tile file or sandpaper to smooth any rough edges left by the cutting process.

Figure 6

2. Wet Saw

A wet saw is a power tool that can be used to cut any type of tile, particularly large or thick tile where precision cuts are required. This makes a wet saw the best option for cutting porcelain, natural stone and glass tile. It uses a diamond blade to make cuts through the material, and a constant stream of water is used to keep the blade cool and reduce dust and debris. With a little practice, you can use a wet saw not only for straight cuts but also for curved cuts.

Figure 7

To use a wet saw, follow these steps:

1. Measure and mark the cut line on the tile using a pencil.

2. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to fill the saw’s water reservoir with water and adjust the blade guard so it is level with the tile.

3. Turn on the saw and wait until the blade reaches full speed before beginning to cut (approximately 15 to 20 seconds).

4. Slowly lower the tile onto the blade, aligning it with the cutting line. Guide the tile along the blade, applying moderate pressure, until the cut is complete (see Figure 8).

Figure 8

5. Turn off the saw and wait for 15 to 20 seconds for the blade to come to a complete stop before removing the tile.

6. Remove the tile and unplug the saw.

Figure 9

When cutting a curved line on a tile with a wet saw, there are techniques to consider depending on whether you are cutting an outside or inside radius.

To cut an outside radius, rotate the tile while cutting as needed to follow the curve. Take care not to let the blade deviate from the line you are following.

To cut an inside radius, you will have to make a series of small cuts rather than one continuous cut.  Use the wet saw to make several cuts along the curve, approximately ¼ inch apart.  The cuts should be made perpendicular to the curve (see Figure 10).  Once you have made all the small cuts you can break off the narrow strips.  Then use a grinder to smooth out the edges of the curve by gently grinding away any excess material.  Do this until you have a nice smooth curve.  You can use sandpaper to make the edge completely smooth.

Figure 10

3. Handheld Wet Saw

A handheld wet saw is another type of wet saw that can be used to cut tile, stone, and other hard materials. It uses a diamond-coated blade to make precise straight and curved cuts without chipping or cracking the material. This tool is designed to be used with water, which helps to cool the blade and prevent dust and debris from flying around. It is easier to make curved cuts using this tool compared to a typical wet saw.

Figure 11

Note: To avoid overheating and potential harm to the worker, it is crucial to have a consistent supply of water flowing over the blade when using a wet blade.

To cut tile using a handheld wet saw, follow these steps:

1. This tool comes with a water line with sprayers, unlike a typical wet saw that includes water reservoirs. It also typically includes a valve for adjusting water pressure (see Figure 12). Connect the water line to the saw and the water supply according to the manufacturer’s instructions and plug in the tool.

Figure 12

2. Use a pencil or marker to draw a line on the tile where you want to make the cut.

3. Place the tile on a table and hold it in place using a clamp or tightly with your hand.

4. Press the power button and let the blade spin up to full speed.

5. Carefully guide the saw along the marked line, using a slow and steady motion (see Figure 13).

Figure 13

6. Depending on the size and shape of the tile, you may need to make multiple cuts to achieve the desired shape.

7. Turn off the saw and wipe down the tile to remove any dust or debris. It usually gives you a smooth cut but if necessary smooth the edges using a tile file or sandpaper.

4. Tile Nipper

A tile nipper is another tool used for cutting tile. It is a handheld tool that is similar in appearance to pliers or scissors but has two carbide-tipped jaws that are designed to bite into and break off small pieces of tile. Tile nippers are commonly used for cutting small pieces of tile, such as those needed for intricate designs or curved edges. A tile nipper can be used to cut ceramic tile but for a more brittle tile or solid tile, this is not a good option. Cutting a tile using a tile nipper is a time-consuming process and it does not give you a smooth cut. So, consider using it for small projects only.

Figure 14

Here’s how to make cuts using a tile nipper:

1. Measure and mark the cut line on the tile using a pencil (see Figure 15).

Figure 15

2. Using the tile nipper, nibble away small pieces of the tile (see Figure 16). Be sure to hold the nipper at a 90-degree angle to the tile and apply light pressure to avoid cracking or breaking the tile.

Figure 16

3. Repeat the scoring process along the marked line until you have cut all the way through the tile (see Figure 17). It may take several passes to make the cut, so be patient and take your time.

Figure 17

4. Use a tile file or sandpaper to smooth any rough edges left by the cutting process.

5. Angle Grinder

An angle grinder is a handheld power tool that is used for cutting precise special shapes such as curves and holes in tile. You can use this tool with every tile material.  The tool consists of a motor that drives a spindle, to which a grinding or cutting wheel is attached. The grinding or cutting wheel can be changed depending on the task at hand. The tool is typically operated by holding it with two hands, with the grinding or cutting wheel in contact with the tile.

Figure 18

Cutting a tile using an angle grinder can be a useful technique if you need to make precise cuts or cut tile to fit around corners or other obstacles.

Here is a step by step guide on how to cut tile using an angle grinder:

1. Use a pencil or marker to mark the area on the tile where you want to make the cut. Make sure you measure and mark accurately to avoid making any mistakes.

2. You will need to stabilize the tile to make the cut. Use a clamp to secure it to a stable surface so it does not move while you are cutting (see Figure 19).

Figure 19

3. Turn on the angle grinder and allow it to reach full speed before making contact with the tile.

4. Slowly and carefully guide the angle grinder along the marked line to make the cut. Do not push too hard or too fast as this can cause the blade to overheat or break. Keep the blade perpendicular to the tile and move it slowly and steadily (see Figure 20).

Figure 20

5. After making the cut, you may need to smooth the edges of the tile. Use a tile file or sandpaper to smooth out any rough or jagged edges.

6. Hole Saw

A hole saw is a type of cutting tool designed to make circular holes in ceramic, porcelain, and other types of tile. The tool consists of a metal cylinder with serrated teeth on the cutting edge that is attached to a drill. As the saw rotates, the teeth grind away at the material, creating a circular cut.

Figure 21

For hard tile such as stone and glass, you can use a diamond blade to make the cutting easier and end up with a smoother cut. However, they are typically more expensive than traditional blades and they require more care and maintenance to ensure their diamond teeth remain sharp and effective.

It is important to note that when using a hole saw for cutting tile, you must use water or another coolant to keep the blade cool and prevent the tile from cracking or chipping.

Cutting a tile using a hole saw can be a bit tricky, but it is a useful skill to have if you need to install tile around pipes or other fixtures. Here are the steps to cut a tile using a hole saw:

1. Make sure the hole saw blade is the right size for the hole you need to cut.

2. Use a pencil or a marker to mark the center of the hole on the tile.

3. Use a clamp to secure the tile to the table. Make sure the tile is stable and will not move while you are cutting.

4. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to attach the hole saw to the drill.

5. Start the drill and press the hole saw gently against the tile. Keep the hole saw perpendicular to the tile and apply steady, even pressure (see Figure 22). Be patient and let the hole saw do the work. Do not force it or push it too hard.

Figure 22

6. If you feel the tile getting hot, stop cutting and cool it down with water or a wet cloth (see Figure 23). This will help prevent the tile from cracking.

Figure 23

7. Once you have cut through the tile, remove the hole saw and smooth any rough edges with sandpaper or a tile file.

Figure 24

7. Tile Scribe

A tile scribe is a hand tool that is used to score and break ceramic tile.  It consists of a sharp carbide tip which is used to score the tile along the desired cutting line.

A tile scribe can cut straight or curved lines in ceramic tile.  However, a tile scribe is not the ideal tool to use for curved cuts.  While it can be used to score a curved line, breaking the tile along the curved line can be challenging and result in uneven or jagged edges.

If you are only making small, gentle curves, you can use the tile scribe to score the line and then use tile nippers to gradually shape the curve so it matches your desired shape. This method requires a lot of patience and a steady hand, but it is possible to achieve good results with practice.

Figure 25 shows the different types of tile scribes.

Figure 25

Here is how to use a tile scribe to cut a tile:

1. Measure and mark the cut line on the tile using a pencil.
2. Hold the tile securely with one hand, and position the tile scribe on the cutting line with the other hand.
3. Apply firm pressure to the tile scribe, and run it along the cutting line. You can use a measuring square as a guide for straight cuts. (see Figure 26)

Figure 26

4. Once the line has been scored, put the scribe under the tile for leverage, then push down and snap the tile (see Figure 27).

Figure 27

5. If the cut edge is rough, use a tile file or sandpaper to smooth it.
6. Repeat the process for any additional cuts.

It is important to note that using a tile scribe takes practice and patience in order to achieve clean, precise cuts.  It may be helpful to practice on scrap pieces of tile before cutting the tile you will use for your project.

8. Rotary Cutting Tool

A rotary tile cutting tool is a handheld power tool that uses a rotary blade to cut through different types of tile, including ceramic, porcelain, and glass.

A rotary tile cutting tool can be used for a variety of cutting tasks, such as making straight cuts, notches, curves, and intricate shapes.  This tool is ideal for cutting small tiles or making precision cuts where a wet saw is too large or unwieldy.

Figure 28

 To use a rotary cutting tool follow the below steps:

1. Choose the appropriate bit or blade for the tile you will be cutting and install it to the tool following the manufacturer’s instructions. Use bits for irregular cuts and wheel blades for straight cuts (see Figure 29).

Figure 29: left: bit, right: wheel blade

2. Mark the cutting line on the tile using a pencil.
3. Secure the tile to a stable surface with a clamp or  tile holder.
4. Start the rotary tool and slowly guide the blade or bit along the cutting line, using light pressure to avoid cracking or chipping the tile (see Figure 30). Make multiple passes along the line until you have cut through the tile.

Figure 30

5. Use a tile file or sandpaper to smooth any rough edges or sharp corners.

The table below compares cutting tools according to the information above to help you better decide which one is appropriate for your tiling project.

Conclusion

Hopefully, we have been able to give you a better idea of where to begin when choosing the correct tile cutting tools.  Keep in mind, when it comes to tiling jobs in home renovation projects, having the right tools are essential to achieving the desired result.  However, even with the best cutting tools, a tiling job can still be a daunting task for many homeowners.

This is where Matrix Company Solutions Corp. comes in. From tiling to painting and everything in between we have the expertise and experience to turn your renovation dreams into reality. So, if you are looking to renovate your Philadelphia home and need help with your tiling job, look no further. Contact us today to learn more about our services and start your home renovation journey on the right foot.